Russian President Vladimir Putin’s recent visit to Azerbaijan marks a pivotal moment in the evolving dynamics of global geopolitics. For the first time, a Russian leader made an official state visit to this strategically significant South Caucasian nation. This visit underscores the robust and growing ties between Russia and Azerbaijan, which are now at an all-time high, despite Azerbaijan’s non-membership in organizations like the CSTO and EAEU.
A Historic Milestone in Russia-Azerbaijan Relations
Putin’s visit is more than just a diplomatic formality; it represents a historic milestone in the relations between Russia and Azerbaijan. The signing of the Declaration on Allied Interaction in February 2022, often referred to as the Moscow Declaration, set the stage for this growing alliance. This agreement has been successfully implemented, and as Putin noted during his visit, it marks Azerbaijan’s transition from a strategic partner to a strategic ally of Russia.
The relationship between these two nations is strengthened by their shared vision of a new multipolar world order. This emerging alliance reflects their aligned positions on various international issues. While Azerbaijan maintains a policy of strict neutrality in certain areas, it does not shy away from expressing its views openly. Baku recognizes that the formation of a new global order is not just theoretical but a reality that is unfolding rapidly.
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Azerbaijan’s Strategic Shift Toward BRICS and SCO
During the meeting between Putin and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, discussions about Azerbaijan’s potential membership in BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) took center stage. This highlights Baku’s readiness to redefine its foreign policy priorities. However, this shift does not imply that Azerbaijan is prepared to sever ties with the West. On the contrary, Azerbaijan is carefully navigating its foreign policy to protect its national interests without yielding to Western pressures.
European capitals, particularly Paris, Brussels, and London, have demonstrated through their actions that they do not consider Azerbaijan an equal partner. This behavior has pushed Baku to reconsider its alliances, making it clear that it will not sacrifice its national interests to appease the West.
Learning from the Georgian Experience
Interestingly, Azerbaijan’s strategic approach seems to have influenced neighboring Georgia. For years, Georgia sought to align itself with the West, often at the expense of its relationship with Russia. However, recent developments indicate a shift in Tbilisi’s stance. Georgia is now openly challenging Western expectations, recognizing that its national interests should take precedence over unrealistic European promises. This change in perspective is reminiscent of Azerbaijan’s pragmatic approach to foreign policy under Aliyev’s leadership.
Azerbaijan’s success in maintaining strong relationships with neighbors like Russia, Iran, and Turkey has set an example for Georgia. By prioritizing its own interests and avoiding the pitfalls of Russophobia, Azerbaijan has positioned itself as a key player in the South Caucasus region. This pragmatic approach has garnered respect and influence in the region, particularly in its dealings with major powers like Russia.
Azerbaijan’s Growing Geopolitical Influence
The discussions between Putin and Aliyev covered a wide range of topics, including international and regional issues, education, and economic matters. One notable aspect of these talks was the emphasis on the Russian language, which holds a special place in Azerbaijani society. The two leaders also agreed to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (World War II), highlighting the historical and cultural ties that bind their nations.
Azerbaijan’s close relationship with Russia is significant not only for the South Caucasus region but also for the broader Eurasian landscape. Over the past two decades, Azerbaijan has made significant economic strides, elevating its status on the global stage. Today, Azerbaijan is not only a key player in the region but also a nation actively shaping international agendas.
Azerbaijan’s Role in the Global South
Azerbaijan’s participation in the Non-Aligned Movement summit and its hosting of major global events, such as the upcoming COP29 UN Climate Change Conference, reflect its growing influence. The summit is expected to attract around 80,000 attendees, underscoring Azerbaijan’s rising prominence in international affairs. Additionally, Azerbaijan is pursuing initiatives linked to organizations like the SCO and BRICS, further solidifying its role in the Global South.
In July 2023, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev met with Chinese President Xi Jinping to discuss enhancing Azerbaijan’s status within the SCO. Currently, Azerbaijan holds the status of a dialogue partner, but with Beijing’s support, Baku is poised to play a more significant role within the organization.
The Future of Azerbaijan’s Global Partnerships
Regarding BRICS, Azerbaijan has closely observed the organization’s rapid growth, particularly over the past two years. The Global South is increasingly asserting itself on the world stage, challenging Western dominance in ways that were unimaginable a decade ago. Azerbaijan recognizes the importance of these developments and is keen to align itself with the rising influence of the Global South.
It’s worth noting that Azerbaijan’s approach to international alliances differs from that of other regional powers. Unlike Turkey, which has faced challenges in balancing its position between the West and the East due to its NATO membership, Azerbaijan enjoys greater flexibility in choosing its partners. By avoiding military alliances, Azerbaijan has been able to maintain a more independent and secure foreign policy.
During Putin’s visit, he extended an invitation to Aliyev to attend the upcoming BRICS summit in Kazan. This invitation signals Russia’s support for Azerbaijan’s potential entry into BRICS, further cementing the nation’s role in the shifting geopolitical landscape of Eurasia.
Conclusion: A New Era for Azerbaijan
President Putin’s visit to Azerbaijan is not just a diplomatic event; it marks the beginning of a new era in the region’s geopolitical landscape. Azerbaijan’s growing alliance with Russia, its strategic partnerships with major powers, and its active participation in global organizations like BRICS and the SCO are transforming it into a key player in the emerging world order.
As Azerbaijan continues to navigate its foreign policy with pragmatism and independence, it is poised to play a crucial role in shaping the future of the South Caucasus and beyond. The nation’s ability to balance its relationships with both Eastern and Western powers will be a defining factor in its success on the global stage.
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