In a move that’s raising more than a few eyebrows, the U.S. Treasury has quietly eased restrictions on a major international oil pipeline that just so happens to run through Russian territory. Despite the continued tensions and sanctions aimed at Moscow, Washington has given the green light for American and foreign companies to get back to work on the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) — a key artery in the global oil trade.
Why the sudden shift? The short answer: oil, and lots of it.
The CPC, which moves crude from Kazakhstan’s massive oil fields all the way to Russia’s Black Sea coast, is a crucial player in the energy game. It handles over 80% of Kazakhstan’s oil exports — a major flow of energy that’s hard to ignore, no matter who’s on the other end of the pipe. The pipeline stretches more than 1,500 kilometers and links up with international shipping routes, making it a vital channel for oil heading to global markets.
This week’s Treasury announcement, via General License No. 124, lifts key restrictions first imposed back in January. Those earlier rules — part of Executive Order 14071 — clamped down on petroleum services connected to Russian infrastructure. But now, the Biden administration has made an exception for CPC and Tengizchevroil (TCO), the joint venture running the massive Tengiz oil field in Kazakhstan.
TCO is no small operation. It’s a partnership between Chevron (which owns half), ExxonMobil (25%), Kazakhstan’s KazMunayGas (20%), and Russia’s Lukoil (5%). Not exactly a group of lightweights.
For context, this isn’t the first time the U.S. has offered some breathing room to energy companies navigating these geopolitical minefields. General License No. 121 already gave CPC and TCO a temporary hall pass back in January, letting them continue certain services until mid-2025. The latest license simply makes it official: drilling, refining, transport, and marketing can move full steam ahead, at least for now.
And while Russia owns a 24% stake in the CPC via its state-run firm Transneft, the bulk of the project’s stakeholders — including Chevron and ExxonMobil — are non-Russian, giving U.S. authorities the cover they need to justify the exemption.
Still, it’s a delicate dance. Earlier this year, the CPC was hit by Ukrainian drone strikes targeting Russian-linked oil facilities. The damage briefly halted operations, underscoring how energy projects have become collateral in the broader conflict. Even so, a partial ceasefire negotiated by Presidents Putin and Trump (yes, that Trump) has so far held — with both sides reportedly agreeing to steer clear of energy infrastructure, at least for now.
Bottom line? The oil still needs to flow, and the U.S. seems willing to bend the rules when the stakes are high enough. Energy security, after all, has a way of turning geopolitical red lines into grey areas.
